|
QUAGECOMS 101 - A Revolution in the application of Nanotechnology to
the Silicon Microchip
and the Computation Industry
An open invitation to all in the information and data processing
industries. (PACIFICA
OMNISCIENCE; November 4th, 2001)
QUAGECOMS are Quantum-Geometric Computer Chips of Superconductivity.
Logo:
QuaGeComs for my Data are Pater for my Mater!
Part I: Brief and Introduction
Part II: The State of the Microchip-Industry
without QuaGeComs
1. The Rayleigh Criterion
2. Optical, Ultraviolet and Nuclear Unification
3. The Rydberg-Alpha
Connection
4. Superconductive Magnetocharges as mapped Electrocharges
5. Photolithography and Quantum-Dot-Assembly
Part
III: Conclusions and References
I: Brief and Introduction: (please allow for date of publication).
In 2000,
the Clinton Administration of the United States of America
provided a big boost in funding for the science- and engineering
budgets
in the form of the 'National Nanotechnology Initiative' or
NNI.
The Bush Administration further proposes increased federal
funding
for nanotechnologies in 2001 to US$ 519 Million, doubled from 1999
and quadrupled fromthe budget in 1997.
Nanotechnology,
the study and production of structures on the scale
of the molecule at the boundary between organic- and inorganic
chemistry,
is thought to lead directly to the fastest transistors
and the strongest and lightest materials ever produced.
Instrumentation
for genetic sequencing and related micromedicinal
applications for the detection of tumours and viral agents on
subcellular
levels hold further promise for the patent holders of
the successful scientific particulars.
A search for information
to bridge the gap between existing
computerisation on the microchip scale and the thousand-fold scale
reduction into
the realms of Nanoscience with its links to the
DNA/RNA encoding has become a worldwide effort in the endeavours of
cultural
science.
In the United States, the National Institute of Health (NIH) enjoys
hefty increases in federal funding
and reflects a steady growth in
the budget for the 'Life Sciences' (US$ 5 Billion in 1970 and US$ 17
Billion in 2000
in real terms).
In the same period, the budgets for Engineering and the Physical
Sciences has remained relatively flat
at about US$ 5 Billion in
constant dollar terms.
To keep the US competitive with documented spending by foreign
governments,
which committed themselves to a 60% increase in the
funding of Nanotechnology (from US$ 500 Million in 2000 to US$ 800
Million
in 2001), the NNI became official scientific policy.
[Source: US Senate briefing and National Science Foundation; May
24th,
2001].
This global interest in a promising new technological advance then
indicates a fundamental relationship;
as yet only partially defined
and not patented, between the dynamics and structure of
subcellular 'building blocks of
biovital organisms' and a 'shrinking
scale of computerisation' in the form of the Silicon Chip.
As the 'Code of Life'
is given in the form of the DNA and the
ribosome of the nanoscale (typically 25 nanometres (nm)=25
Thousandths of a
micron or 25 Millionth of a millimetre), a true
geometrical understanding of the DNA-Code must indicate the natural
limits
for any potential symbiosis between the lifeforms of Carbon
in any naturalsetting and their manipulated and synthesized
expressions
in Silicon.
Any National Scientific Advisory Board, say in the US, the United
Kingdom or in Australia, New Zealand
or Canada, would so be most
prudent in its political approach to fund its proposals via Research
and Development (R&D)
in committing to specific projects intrinsic
and encompassing Nanotechnologies.
The international race to deploy
a workable and successful model for
Nanoscience seeks to discover a synergetic unification between
Biology and Physics
in the BioPhysics of the fundamental laws of the
Natural Sciences.
Such a unique model exists in the form of Microbiology
and the
Biochemistry of viral capacities to reproduce on the nanoscale of
the DNA/RNA under utility of microscaled cellular
host organisms.
To establish this model of the 'Physical Principles underpinning all
of Biochemistry' however, the
elementary hierarchies of universal
information transfer must be known, evaluated and made subject to
interdisciplinary
analysis by all branches and fields of the
established scientific data base.
This specifies the overall purpose
and scientific basis for this
proposal.
It is claimed, that there exists a unique information pathway which
interconnects
all of the scaling parameters in a merger of classical
spacetime principles with the wavefunctions of quantum mechanics.
In
particular, the encoding of physical law defines specified
parameters on both the microscale of the biological cell and
the
massproduced Silicon Chip, as well as the nanoscale of the genetic
encoding.
Engaging in a specific manufactering
process for the contemporary
Silicon Microchip which incorporates the 'Unification Wavelengths'
for the Nanoscale, would
then open the doors into the universally
defined information pathway via quantum-geometric specifications.
Because
the 'natural' DNA/RNA encoding utilises this same 'Geometry
of the Quantum' in a form of Holography; such 'Quantum-Geometric-
Computer-Chips'
or QuaGeCom-Chips would carry the potential to form
symbiotic partnerships with the twostranded DNA-DoubleHelix, say in
particular
genetic sequencing with Introns (Junk-DNA) and other
functional extensions of the unused genomatic potential for
information
storage.
As the nature of the 'Universal Information Pathway' (UIP) is
selfiterative by definition, (it is a derivative
of binary
algorithms of a prespacetime genetic singularity, defining
the 'Vacuum'), a precise quantum-geometric blueprint
reproduces
itself whenever the boundary conditions of its own creation are
satisfied.
The mathematical justifications
(logical proofs) to scientifically
validate this model of Quantum geometry have been established and an
extensive analysis
as to the formulations of the UIP are available
to any agency seeking patent and partnership with this proposal and
the
creation of QuaGeComs as investment opportunity.
I may interlude here to say, that I forwarded this proposal in 2001
to
the Australian Government's Science ministry, which eventually
acknowledged receipt of the proposal and advised as to its
delegation
of it to some scientific advisory board.
Needless to say, that was the last I heard of it.
But the references to prospective
investors are in relation to
government and not any personal correspondences.
1. The Rayleigh Criterion
The
mass-production of the Silicon Chip assumes the form of
PhotoLithography, a process which is defined in the physics of
the
optical sciences and the applications of Electromagnetic Fieldtheory
upon the fields of Resolution and the reproduction
of Diffraction
patterns.
A laser beam 'writes' a circuit pattern for a microchip onto a
Silicon wafer, coated
with lighty-transductive material
(photoresistant polymer), and material which can be selectively
removed (manipulated).
The
encoded polymer acts as photographic negative (mask) and is
layered upon a substrate of glass or chromium.
Exposing
this 'mask' to Ultraviolet Radiation of specified
wavelength (laserlight) then allows 'Lensing Diminuition' of the
encoded
negative pattern onto Silicon wafers coated with photoresist
tocreate identical Silicon Chips as the 'positives'.
This
process is limited in the distance (or wavelength) between two
point objects for which the two objects can be resolved
in an image.
The most advanced systems in operation can print a minimum poattern
of about 180 nanometres froma KryptonFluoride
Laser Source with a
wavelength of 248 nm.
The physical relationship between Input wavelength of the laser
source
and the maximum diminuition as the Output is given as the
Rayleigh - Criterion:
"Two point sources are resolvable,
provided their angular separation
in radians is not less than (1.22).L/D, where D is 2n.sinX as the
diameter or numerical
aperture of the lens and L is the wavelength
of the lightsource.
This defines the angular radius of the primary diffraction
fringe-
pattern."
[The factor 1.22 is the smallest root of the 1st order Bessel
Function as solution of differential
wave equations of cylindrical
symmetry.
The UIP defines an encompassing form of Rayleigh's Criterion
directly from
the initial conditions specifying the vacuum energy].
As D approaches a valueof 0.7 (depending on the angle X between
0-
and 90 degrees for a D between 0 and 1), the vectorial nature of the
electric field interferes with a linearly proportional
resolution
and scaling deviates from maximisation of parameters.
Present technology uses maximised numerical apertures
D*=sinX of
about 0.6 with lensing materials of Fused Quartz (refractive index
n=1.458).
Argon-Fluoride Lasers at
193 nm, using Quartz (Silicon Dioxide SiO2)
so allow a nanopattern of (0.61)(193 nm)/(1.458)(0.6)=134 nm.
Oxygen
absorbs 193 nm UV radiation however and the resulting Ozone
attacks optical materials in coating fluor-based elements.
Fused
Silica absorbs heavily beyond 180 nm.
2. Optical, Ultraviolet and Nuclear Unification
As Silicon Dioxide forms
the basic material for the Silicon Chip and
serves as well to supply the maximised lensing material in the form
of Fused
Quartz; the wavelength about 180 nm should provide one of
the Unification Wavelengths of the Unified Field of the Vacuum
Energy.
This
is indeed the case; Fused Quartz transmits electromagnetic
radiation between 4000 nm (Infrared) and 180 nm (UV).
There
are six major electromagnetic unifications in the Vacuum
Field, all interdependent and proportionally quantised relative
to
one another to provide the UIP.
Some of these unification wavelengths are already specified in the
scientific
literature.
Others are approximated as in the case of the Krypton-Fluoride
Laserlight.
The Optical Unification occurs
at the wavelength of Orange
monochromatic Laserlight and a dimensionless scale of 600
nanometres* (in an universal mensuration
system, calibration
depending on precise measurements of constants 'c' and 'h').
This is calibrated as exactly 598.999
nm (SI) and also near the SI
Standard of 589.3 nm, used as reference forlight refraction in the
Sodium-D spectral emission
line.
The Optical Unification Standard then transduces into the Infrared
Unification at 9 microns*, which in the
natural settings translates
into an 'Atmospheric Window of IR', where there is no absorption of
infrared radiation by
water vapour in the atmosphere.
The (mean) SI-value translates to 8.9849869 micrometres for Infrared
Unification.
The
Ultraviolet Unification derives from a prenuclear epoch in the
cosmic genesis. This describes an energy continuum renown
as the
monopolic epoch, characterised by a bosonic-photonic energy of 27
Million Billion GigaElectronvolt.
One can
define an universe at a temperature of 307 Billion Billion
Billion degrees Kelvin* of a size 10^22 times smaller than an
atom
at a time 10^-40 seconds* after the quantum singularity defining the
Big Bang.
The monopolic epoch gave birth
to an elementary particle, known as
the Magnetic Monopole and carrying a characteristic mass of about
48.2 Nanograms*,
which gave rise to a naturally superconductive
magnetic current I=N(2e)f, (N being an integer of quantisation, e
the
electronic chargequantum also representative of a magnetocharge
e* and f being the frequency of the electromagnetic monopolic
radiation
also expressed as the ratio between the speed of light 'c'
and the wavelength L).
This Unified Natural Current became
a Nuclear Monopolic Current in
an time interval centred on a period between 114-1150 seconds* after
the quantum birth
of the universe.
The Nuclear Unification is universally renown as the Electronic
(effective) Radius:
Re=e^2/(4pi.Epsilono.Me.c^2)=muoe^2/(4pi.Me)
and provides a typical
nuclear size of 2.8 Femtometres (fm) and 1 millionth the
nanoscalings.
(The formulations above
include the electronic effective mass Me;
lightspeed c, the electronic charge quantum e and the electric
permittivity
constant epsilono and the magnetic permeability
constant muo).
The Nuclear Unification transforms into a Gravitational
Unification
(also known as an approximation of Ng-Van Dam), which quantises the
Planck-Unification of the origins.
3.
The Rydberg-Alpha Connection
But the entire path of Unification is based and centred on a single
parameter, ubiquitously
known as the Electromagnetic Finestructure
Constant 'Alpha'.
Alpha = e^2/(2Epsilono.hc), where h is the Planck-Constant,
is
responsible to crystallize the various quantisations of
proportionality in the UIP and in conjunction with the effective
electronic
massquantum describes the interactions between the
electronic charge quantum e and the magnetic chargequantum e*.
This
uses a part of the electron's restmass Meo+Me*=Me to indicate
the intrinsic nature of 'Restmass' to be a form of Current
of
Magnetocharges (a direct consequence of the definitions from the
monopolic epoch).
There exists thus a 'Monopolic
Masscurrent' in the Vacuum-
Unification-Field just 15.4 thousandths trillionths trillionths
trillionths of a second*
following the vacuum fluctuation of the
singularity responsible for the birth of the cosmos.
But there is a remnant
of this superconductive magnetoelectric
electricity in the form of the UV-Unification Wavelength and which
is closely
approximated in present Photolithography and the Rayleigh
Criterion.
A clear distinction between electropolar charge
and magnetopolar
charge and hence electromagnetic and gravitational parameters did
not eventuate in the universe until
the Gravitational Unification
Wavelength assumed its scaling size.
This point in time is known as the end of a 'modified
chaotic Guth
Inflation'.
Since the universe assumed its general relativistic dynamical
expansion at exactly that
point of 'Temporal Timeinstantenuity', the
particular (bosonic) parameters of the 'Inflationary Universe'
changed phase
to define the postinflationary cosmos in terms of
quantum mechanistic wavefunctions.
This also clearly differentiated
between Electropoles of charge 'e'
and Magnetopoles of charge 'e*'.
The mass of the magnetic monopole (superstring class
IIB) became
constituent of the vacuum in the form of Vacuum-Potential-Energy or
Vortex-PE (VPE), ready to form linkages
with electropolic charges
defined in e.
[The details are the basis for any unification theories attempting
to
meld General relativity to Quantum Theory and define the
wavefunctions of the universe as spacetime symmetries of a
superparity
manifesting parallel universes as mirror images between
dimensionally intersecting media specified in 12-dimensional 3-
branes
or topologically multiple connected surfaces in superstrings
and M-F-Theory].
The formulation for the UV-Unification
under discussion describes
the Magnetic Monopolic Massquantum per Unitwavelength as equivalent
to Natural Current 2ef=2ec/L.
This
Unitwavelength becomes the Unification Wavelength for the Atom
and approximated in the 'Unified Rydberg Constant Ry=Alpha^3/4piRe'
for
a known evaluation R/SI=Me.e^4/(8Epsilono^2.h^3c), used in
spectral analysis of the elements in emission and absorption.
The
wavelength for UV-Unification on all scales then is given in a
constant which relates the monopolic masscurrent to currents
of
superconductivity.
(ec)Ry=2ec/Luv in general quantisation (N=1) and UV-Wavelength L/UV
as: L/UV=2/Ry=8pi.Re/Alpha^3
m*.
The binary algorithms of the genesis give Re=2.777..fm* and the
dimensionless Alpha is given as 60pi.e^2/h subject
toa primary
definition for chargequantum e (not e*) as function of Alpha in the
primordial universal wavefunction of
the origins.
The Unification-Wavelength for UV Elelectromagnetic Radiation
computes as the maximisation of Rayleigh
Resolution at 179.6994
nm*, calibrating to a maximised 'Image-Size' of 179.3996 nanometres
in the SI-Measurement system.
The
link to the Nanoscale, using mass produced QuaGeComs, is so
found in applying technology tailored to tap the VPE as specified
in
the Alpha^3-factor hidden in the UV-Unification-Wavelength L/UV.
The key is the accessibility to the Nuclear-Unification-Scale
as
given by Re.
No further reduction in the image size of L/UV is required, if there
exists a natural means of
tapping the nuclear femto-scale under
utility of the magnetocharges embedded in the vacuum as mass-
equivalent current
elements.
As the Femtoscale is naturally 'nested' in the Gravitational
Unification Scale, which is nested in the Planck-Scale;
the original
encoding pattern is accessed.
The requirement is the tapping of magnetocharges as 'image' of the
electrocharges.
4.Superconductive
Magnetocharges as mapped Electrocharges
The detailed mechanism of how magnetocharges and electrocharges
transmutate
into each other involves the exposure of UV-Radiation to
parallel synchronised Mass-Radiations in the form of 'materialised
light-equivalents',
such as streams of elementary particles, (as say
in nuclear medicine, i.e. Positron-Emission-Tomographt PET).
If
particles radiations, as naturally observed in Cosmic Rays;
limited and constituent of the monopolic spectrum; are antiparallel,
then
decay rates of matter-antimatter interactions involve the
factor Alpha^2 and decay products engage pairs of photonic quanta.
Parallel
particle radiations carry a total spin-quanta-momentum of
an odd integral definition and so at least 3 photons result in
the
matter-antimatter interaction with Alpha^3 specifying the decay rate
(say of Orthopositronium).
It is then
evident, that to tap magnetocharges, one induces
superconductivity into the QuaGeComs in transforming the
antimatter/positron
part of the VPE into every other of the
electrons, which constitute the standard currents in the integrated
circuits
of the Silicon Chip.
The switching between electrocharges 'e' and magnetocharges 'e*'
then becomes a 'Natural Superconductivity'
independent of transition
temperatures, but a consequence of synchronised application of
Quantum Geometry as defined
in the origins of the laws of physics.
QuaGeComs become the SELFRESONATING medium for the UIP.
The Universal Information
Pathway so induces a natural
superconductivity based on principles of Quantum Geometry.
The coefficient of the primary
universal wavefunction can be stated
as 2e/hA, where the constant A^2 derives from the basic binary code
responsible
for the generation of some fundamental constants of
nature (such as c^2, h and k).
The Universal Wavefunction is
normally distributed as a function of
dimensionless cycletime n (proper Tautime in General Relativity in
the expression
for Curvature-Radius Rc=c.dt/dTau) and centred in an
interval bounded by the universal Josephson-Constant Jo=2e/hA.
Detailed
analysis leads directly to the Quantum Hall Effect via the
universal Action Law (which can be said to operate on allquantum
scales
as imaged medium from the 'higher'dimensions 5 to 12) in the
general form of Action = Charge^2.
QuaGeComs so exhibit
the Josephson Effect in a naturalsetting of
SuperSQUIDS or SuperSuoperconducting Quantum-Interference-Devices.
Every
e-e* Electropole-Magnetopole interaction sets up a Josephson
Junction; Electromagnetic Conductance becomes quantised by
2e^2/h
and the Hall Voltages proceed to induce stepwise regions where the
Conductivity and the Resistivity becomezero
as function of the
magnetic flux density.
The key to High-Temperature Superconductivity for specified
materials
(YBa2Cu3O1-7 Yttrium-Barium-Copper-Oxides etc) so becomes
a magnified effect of Quantum Geometry and can be shown to relate
to
Quasicrystals of fivefolded symmetries (Shechtmanites) and thus the
geometries of crystalline lattices, able to holographically
resonate
with the UIP.
Other criteria, such as piezoelectricity and magnetostriction will
finetune the search for
appropriate materials.
5.Photolithography and Quantum-Dot-Assembly
Contemporary attempts by the international
scientific community to
discover the interface between the diminuition of the Computer Chip
and the world of the Bacterium
has encountered a number of
insurmountable technical difficulties.
Increasing the energy of the input radiation
can damage samples and
equipment.
Extreme UV-light and X-rays probe the nanoscale wavelengths, but
diffraction effects
cause features to blur and meld together.
Particle radiations of electrons or nuclear particles can be used to
fabricate
individualised structures on the atomic scale, cause no
diffraction, but are unsuited toproduce multiple copies of the
singular
interference, restricted by quantum incertainty and
complementarity (recent developments have however shown great
deficiencies
in the Bohr Quantum Copenhagen interpretation and the
Uncertainty Principle has been shown to be finestructered in
wormhole
parameters).
Scanning probes, such as the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) detect
small currents of electricity passing
between the microscope's tip
and the sample, thus sensing the atomic scale electromagnetically.
[The principle of quantised
electric currents and potentials is
elementary to the development of nanotechnology as holographic image
for the biovital
archetype.]
The cost of electron-beam instruments (100's of millions of US$) is
prohibitive for most of the research
budgets of the participants as
fiscal restraints.
An alternative method to Photolithography is termed 'Soft
Lithogreaphy'
(as proposed by groups such as Whitesides-Love at
Harvard University).
Soft Lithography moulds patterns in elestic polymers
forprinting as
elastic stamps, microcontact printing or capilliary actions of
solidification.
Dip-Pen-Lithography
(Mirkin Group at Northwestern University) uses
the AFM to produce self-assembling monolayers bonded on a metal
surface
under utility of a medium (water vapour).
Thiol molecules are insoluble in water but bond to Gold as the metal
surface.
Such
lithographic methods can manipulate smallgroups or individual
atoms in the fabrication of specialised devices, but are
unsuitable
to manufacture the multilayered structures of electronic elements
for integrated circuitry.
Another
internationally pursued approach is that of setting up
controlled chemical reactions to assemble atoms and molecules into
nanostructures.
In
Quantum-Dot-Assembly (QDA) (Alivisatos Group at University of
California at Berkeley and Bawendi Groupat M.I.T), Cadmium-Selenide
Crystals
are grown in a chemical reaction between the metals Cadmium
and Selenium ions and are isolated in the addition of 'Surfactant
Organic
Molecules'.
The organic molecules prevent clumping between crystals and regulate
crystal-growth-rates in coating the
resultant crystalline
conglomerations.
QDA is a technology which indicates the geometric link between the
inorganic
chemistry of crystals and the biochemistry of cellular
activity.
The geometries of the organic molecules define the
optimum
crystalline scale in stable packings to indicate the elementary link
between surface topology in three dimensions
as derivative of a
higher dimensional geometry, coded in spacetime scalings of
a 'higher dimensionality' basic to functionally
encoded DNA/RNA.
Recent development include the NanoDiamond structures and their
optical 'gap-reduction' in changing
electrical and optical properties
as effect of the surface properties, allowing photoluminescence in
buckyball envelopes,
so allowing semiconducting properties to become
apparent.
In general, diminuition of microscopic tevchnologies into
the realms
of nanobiology stumbles at the scale of the natural assemblies, the
biological cell with its selfreplicating
dynamics and as encoded in
the nucleotidal baseletters A-T/U and G-C (Adenine skews with
Thymine/Uracil for DNA/RNA
sugar differentiation and Guanine twists
with the Cytosine to implement the magnetocharge based extension of
the double-helix
as pentagonised magnetopolar field embraced by the
helicity).
20 Amino Acids are biochemically encoded to provide
the protein-
tools for cellular development and the four nucleotidal base-
pairings assume the role of coupling the
magnetocharges to
electrocharges in a quadrupled 64-codonic codex across the
dimensions to link with the magnetopolic
spectrum of the
superconductivity.
The Crick-Watson-Franklin-Wilkins basepairings are modified in the
Curtis basepairings
structurally.
The pentagonal supersymmetry relates Penrosian tiling patterns of
both longrange rotational (decagonal)
and longrange translational
symmetry to crystalline structures found everywhere in nature (say
Platonic Solids of Tetrahedron,
Cube, Octagon, Dodecahedron and
Icosahedron and more particularly Buckminsterfullerene 60-Carbon
shapes and Shechtmanite
quasicrystals).
In the Curtis-DNA-structure, double pentagons back to back specify
the DNA-doublehelix in stepwise markers
for the base pairings and
allow magnetoinduction in those steps into the space enclosed by
that helical structure in
quantum steps via the Action-Law.
In particular the 64-RNA-Codex is extended fourfold in polarising
the 4x4 codon
matrix in association with magnetocharges.
Input gu+...AU-...ac+...AA-...GC+...ga-...GG+...ag- becomes mirrored
in
Output ug-...CG+...ca-...CC+...UA-...uc+...UU-...cu+ as its
complement.
The modular mirror of the 9 micron InfraRed
Unification divides the
cytosine-adenine row and the diagonal mirror UU-..CC+..AA-..GG+
indicating the twist.
[MagnetoElectric
Coupling LC as YX-chromosomes say, introduce
electropolic capacitances C and magnetopolic inductances L, both in
self-
and mutual couplings].
CONCLUSIONS AND REFERENCES
Any successful materialisation of nanotechnology must in principle
reflect
a hugely accomplished nanoscience already in place, namely
that of the cellular organism, constructed by the 'Code of Life'.
The
cellular size is naturally limited in the scale of virulent
agents, such as the HIV/AIDS Virus of typically 100 nm width
and
geometrically specified in the shape of the Icosahedron, one of the
Platonic Solids of symmetry maximisation.
Ther
smallest such Icosahedra have a scale of so 20 nm; reflected in
the quantisation of the Infrared Unification in division
by 360.
There are precisely 10^10/360 Wormhole perimeters in an Classical
Electronic Radius (Re) with the normal
parameter for atomic physics
in the Compton Wavelength increasing this in the factor of the
Electromagnetic Finestructure
Constant (Alpha=e^2/2Epsilono.hc),as
the interaction probability between light (a photon) and matter, say
an electron.
Thus,
the natural viral limit is 9 microns/360 or 25 nm.
Circularising this in the factor of 2pi, reduces this viral scale
towards
the mean nanostructure scale, as observed in say buckyballed
nanodiamonds for 25nm/2pi ~3.98 nm.
A standard issue
electric motor bears a striking resemblance to the
biochemical rotary motor of bacteria,such as Escherichia Coli, (so
10
microns in length), and which turns the flagella (whiptail) under
utility of the Earth's magnetic field to propagate through
water.
In the standard electromagnetic motor, a moving magnetic field
creates electric current (or vice versa -
Lenz's Law), which
transforms into mechanical forces via rotation; whilst the protein
shaft in E. coli revolves as molecular
ratchet defined in its
shifting of shape (phase change) and regulated by the decomposition
of Adenine Triphosphate (ATP)
as geosolar magnetic catalyst.
A fundamental relationship between electric and magnetic forces is
thus evident on
the nanoscale and an elementicity in the natural
laws which transcend the standard notions of electricity and of
magnetism.
A
macroscaled electromagnetic motor becomes the manifestation of a
nanobiological 'machine' (and not vice versa),which uses
the same
principles of physics in a modality of 'wireless' communication in a
quantisation of electromagnetic paramewters
such as current, voltage
and resistance.
In particular, the conductance on the nanoscale is quantized as
evidenced
via the Quantum Hall Effect, linking superconductivity to
the Josephson Effect and the application of SQUIDS for superfast
electronic
switches.
The resulting 'Law of NanoSpace' (or QuantumSpace generally), then
derives as the 'Law of Unified Action:
Action = Charge^2' as in
Conductance = 2e^2/h.
The higher dimensional expression of temperature-based
superconductivity
is the notion of:
'Natural Current N(2ef)=N(2e.Moc^2/h)', which uses the quantisation
of spacetime in a form of quantumgeometry
to propagate the natural
current as a function of frequency, independent of massive charge
carriers such as electrons.
The
electronic charge quantum transforms into a constant of
proportionality and utilises its 'Cooper-partner e' as magnetocharge
quantum
e* as restmass equivalent.
The flow of magnetocharges partnered by 'fixed' electrocharges
results in the phenomenon
of 'Natural Superconductivity of the
Vacuum' and used in the QuaGeComs.
The prevalence of the vacuum is matched
in the ubiquitous nature of
magnetopoles,in readiness to form couplings with electropoles in the
form of magnetocharges.
One
can so define a 'scaled computerisation' pervading the
(discrete) continuae of space and time in toroidal spacetime quanta;
a
supercomputer of the 20th century imaging in a holograph of the
quantum computer of the 21st.
A macroscale is evident
and has become exploited by contemporary
science in the form of electric- and magnetic forces and their
technological
applications.
This macroscale represents however the magnification of a
microscale,which acts under the auspices of
the same physical laws,
defined however with altered or phaseshifted parameters.
This has become known as the interface
between classical physics and
quantum theory and is unified in the geometry of Einsteinian General
Relativity transmuting
into a Quantum Geometry of Superbranes in 12
dimensions.
Intermediate between the smallest scale of the superbranes
(Planck
Scale) and the largest scale of the cosmos (size of the universe as
Riemannian hypersphere in 4D) are a number
of other scales, such as
the microscale of cells and bacteria; the nanoscale of molecules;
the atomic scales of chemistry,
the nuclear scales of the subatomic
realms and the aNg-Van Dam scales of the Planck-Quantisation, the
latter under intense
present investigation, i.e. gravitational waves
(LIGO, LISA) and hyperspace topologies (Anti-deSitter manifolds and
Black
Holes as String-Data encoders using loop quantum gravity
blended to superbranes - Ashtekar, Smolin, Bojowald).
There
exists a precise pathway for interconnecting all the various
scalings; this we have termed the UIP, the Universal Information
Pathway.
Using
experimental methodologies of science; this UIP has become
ever more closely approximated and the arbitrary formulations
to
create memory storage devices in the form of integrated circuits has
reached its final barrier in the application
of Rayleigh's Criterion
and the minimisation of the silicon microchip.
But it is no coincidence, that the formulation
of this criterion has
discovered a maximum numerical aperture in a factor of about 0.6,
cancelling the coefficient for
the input wavelength in the equation
0.61.L/n.(0.6)=L/n (n the refractive index).
The magnetopolar spectrum at the genesis
connects spacequanta toeach
other and via agency of lightspeed c, the refractive index must be
unity to specify the
unified Rydberg formulation in 2/Ry=L/UV as
QuaGeCom equivalent for the Rayleigh Criterion.
The unification of all
the force-interactions can be shown to depend
on a parameter X (with XY=X+Y=-1=i^2=exp(ipi) in the analysis of
complex
Riemann space), with sinW=X defining the numerical aperture
as angular size for GUT-Unification (uniting the nuclear and
the
electromagnetic interactions).
The Rayleigh/Abbe Criterion is so naturally encompassed by the UIP.
The ultimate
unification condition can be described as
a 'generalised 11D-M-space Hamiltonian' of expression:
2e.Re= e*(Planck-Length).Sqrt(Alpha),
linking electronic- and
magnetic charges in their mappings of the Planck-Scale onto the
Nuclear Scale.
Anthony
Paul Bermanseder Pacifica OmniScience)
References
1.SCIENCE SPECTRA: Issue 20, 2000; p.32-40, by Robert
E. Gleason
"How far will circuits shrink?"
PO Box 26430; Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
2.SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN: Special
Issue, September 2001
"NanoTech"
415 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10017-1111,USA
3.SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY: November
2, 2003, by Katie Walter
"When Semiconductors go Nano"
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,
University of California
---
End forwarded message ---
--- End forwarded message ---
Enter content here
|
