http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0705/0705.2409v3.pdf
The above paper is by Gerald A. Miller, a renown physicist from Washington University and is in regards to research
of how the quark charges are distributed within the nucleons. The paper was published in November 2007 and led to a reformulation
of the original model by Enrico Fermi as to the internal charge distribution of the neutron in terms of its down-up-down quark
constituents.
Fermi's model became standard in the particle physics community
and envisaged a neutron containing a central positive core and a negatively charged 'skin'.
This is
like a negatively charged pion cloud surrounding a protonic core within the neutron; albeit rendering the neutron overall
as electrically neutral.
The interacting neutron physics is well understood to require a negatively
charged 'envelope' to accomodate the spectras of nuclear physics.
Miller
found that the neutron's central core is negatively charged, as is its long-range 'envelope', with the positive charge 'sandwiched'
in between. This discovery so induces a reinterpretation of the Fermi model for the neutron.
Miller's neutron does however support the quantum geometry of Quantum Relativity with its substitution of the down-quark
as a partition of a up-quark kernel surrounded by a Mesonic Inner Ring (MIR); the latter carrying integral negative charge
for the d-quark's core+ring=+2/3-1=-1/3 overall fractional charge content.
As described previously, the Higgs Inertia Induction occurs at the MIR at so 2.76x10^-18 meters
or at an energy level of 71 GeV. This is about one thousandth of the nuclear interaction distance of 3 fermi.
As the trisected Higgs template is the same size as the Higgs Boson template and coincides with the classical electron
radius and also the interaction scale of the strange quarks and the charged weakons (as the Leptonic Outer Ring or LOR); the
actual interaction scale for the individual quarks should be about a third of this template in about 1 fermi.
The innermost kernel is neutrinoic-gluonic, that is it is uncharged with a lower boundary
of the MIR and an upper boundary of the LOR.
So Quantum Relativity also predicts that the innermost
region of the nucleon will be uncharged and closely 'hugged' by a negative charge distribution at the MIR.
The MIR allows oscillation to the LOR, which in matter is also negatively charged as the down-strange oscillation.
The up-quark charges so always sum to a +2 charge for any up-dow-strange configuration
whatsoever, as both the down-quark and the strange-quark carry a up-quark partitioning within their rings.
So there must be a positive quark charge flux between the MIR and the LOR and this is
interpreted as a longrange positive pion flux by Miller in terms of the proton with its single down quark or unitary MIR.
In terms of quantum geometry one can say, that the MIR curves inwards in a concave topological
surface charge distribution and that the LOR curves outwards in convexity.
So
the neutron will also carry a negatively convex charge distribution as its 'skin', being the second down quark in its oscillatory
potential of transforming into a strange quark in its radioactive beta decay pattern.
The positive pion flux of the concave proton so becomes interpreted as a negative pion flux for the neutron in the
transversion of the MIR scale to the LOR scale.
Another experimental
result of Miller's research was the dominance of the central up-quark charge distribution over the central down-quark.
If one ignores the quarkian substructure, then one might expect similar behaviour; but
knowing that the elementary quark differentiation is between unitary rings and fractional kernels; one would propose a dominance
of the up-quark in the center and a dominance of the down-quark at the perimeter due to the quantum geometric alignments along
say a magnetoaxis which changes the nucleon's sphericity into say a catenoidal surface topology.
Miller found a up-down ratio of 1.75:1=7/4~5/3, which indicates that the trisected ring charges in terms of gluonic
colourcharges add to the kerneled colourcharge as a fractional 5/3 colourcharge near the center of a nucleon, where the
colour interaction is enhanced by the attraction of Coulomb charges between oppositely charged kernel and rings.
Further away from the centre, the 'virtual' pion-flux intervenes and the maximum attraction of the MIR scale is diminished
in the approaching LOR scale and the ring quarks dominate in their leptonness.
This also allows the
diquark structure of colour charges to dominate the electromagnetic interaction in its strongness.
The work of Gerald Miller so has shown pertinent evidence for the quantum geometry as theorized in Quantum Relativity.
Tony B.
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